Why do rats lose fur and sneeze? - briefly
Rats shed hair when they experience stress, parasites, nutritional deficits, or dermatological disease, while sneezing results from respiratory irritation caused by infections, allergens, or dust particles.
Why do rats lose fur and sneeze? - in detail
Rats shed hair for several physiological and pathological reasons. Parasitic infestations such as mites, fleas, and lice damage follicles, prompting localized hair loss. Dermatophytic fungi (e.g., Trichophyton spp.) invade the epidermis, causing circular alopecia and crusting. Hormonal imbalances—particularly excess glucocorticoids from chronic stress or adrenal disease—disrupt the hair growth cycle, leading to diffuse thinning. Nutritional deficiencies, especially of essential fatty acids, zinc, and vitamin A, impair keratin synthesis and result in brittle, easily lost coats. Genetic predispositions, including certain strains that naturally exhibit sparse fur, also contribute. Systemic illnesses like renal failure or severe infections divert metabolic resources away from integument maintenance, accelerating hair loss.
Sneezing in rats reflects irritation or infection of the upper respiratory tract. Common viral agents (e.g., Sendai virus, rat coronaviruses) inflame nasal mucosa, producing frequent, forceful exhalations. Bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae or Mycoplasma pulmonis cause chronic rhinitis, often accompanied by nasal discharge. Allergens—including dust, bedding material, or pollen—trigger mast cell degranulation and histamine release, resulting in episodic sneezing. Environmental irritants like ammonia from urine buildup, aerosolized chemicals, or sudden temperature changes provoke reflexive nasal clearance. Dental malocclusion can impinge on sinus cavities, generating pressure changes that manifest as sneezes. Persistent sneezing may indicate underlying immune compromise or chronic respiratory disease requiring veterinary assessment.