Why do rats get corns? - briefly
Rats develop corn-like lesions on their feet when repeated pressure or friction triggers hyperkeratosis of the footpad skin. Poor housing conditions, hard surfaces, or injuries accelerate this process.
Why do rats get corns? - in detail
Rats develop callus‑like growths on their paws when repeated mechanical stress stimulates the epidermis to produce excess keratin. The process begins with friction from hard surfaces, narrow passages, or repetitive gnawing motions that compress the distal pads. Keratinocytes respond by proliferating and differentiating more rapidly, creating a thickened, hardened layer that protects underlying tissue.
Key factors that accelerate this response include:
- Surface hardness – concrete, metal cages, or plastic tubing concentrate pressure points.
- Activity level – high‑frequency climbing, burrowing, or escape attempts increase cumulative load.
- Foot morphology – certain strains possess narrower pads, concentrating force on a smaller area.
- Nutritional status – diets low in essential fatty acids can impair skin elasticity, prompting compensatory thickening.
The resulting structure resembles a corn in human terminology: a localized, dome‑shaped hyperkeratotic nodule surrounded by a narrow neck of softer tissue. Histologically, the core consists of compacted, anucleate keratin layers, while the periphery contains viable epidermal cells and a modest inflammatory infiltrate.
If left unchecked, the hyperkeratotic mass may impede locomotion, cause discomfort, or predispose the animal to secondary infections. Preventive measures focus on minimizing abrasive substrates, providing soft bedding, and ensuring a balanced diet rich in omega‑3 fatty acids. When corns become problematic, gentle debridement or topical keratolytic agents can reduce thickness and restore normal pad function.