What to do in case of an allergy to a domestic rat? - briefly
Clean the exposed area, cease contact with the animal, and take an appropriate antihistamine to control symptoms. Seek medical evaluation for allergy testing and a tailored treatment plan, which may include prescription medication or immunotherapy.
What to do in case of an allergy to a domestic rat? - in detail
Allergic reactions to a pet rat typically present as sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy or watery eyes, skin rash, and in severe cases, wheezing or difficulty breathing. Recognizing these signs promptly is essential for effective response.
If exposure triggers symptoms, follow these immediate actions:
- Remove the animal from the environment and isolate it in a separate room.
- Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water.
- Clean any surfaces the rat has contacted using a detergent and hot water; consider a disinfectant that does not irritate the skin.
- Apply a topical antihistamine or corticosteroid cream to localized skin reactions.
- Use an over‑the‑counter oral antihistamine (e.g., cetirizine, loratadine) according to package directions.
- If breathing difficulty or swelling of the face, lips, or throat occurs, administer an epinephrine auto‑injector if available and seek emergency medical care immediately.
Consult a healthcare professional for a formal diagnosis. The physician may perform skin‑prick testing or specific IgE blood tests to confirm rat‑related sensitivity. Based on severity, the doctor can prescribe:
- Prescription antihistamines or nasal corticosteroid sprays for persistent symptoms.
- Leukotriene receptor antagonists for combined nasal and bronchial involvement.
- A short course of oral corticosteroids for acute exacerbations.
- An epinephrine auto‑injector for individuals at risk of anaphylaxis.
Environmental control reduces ongoing exposure:
- Keep the rat’s cage sealed; clean it weekly with a high‑efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter vacuum.
- Use HEPA air purifiers in rooms where the animal is housed.
- Wash bedding, toys, and accessories in hot water (>60 °C) before reuse.
- Bathe the rat sparingly, as frequent washing can increase dander release; focus on regular cage cleaning instead.
- Limit direct contact; wear gloves and a mask when handling the animal or cleaning its enclosure.
Long‑term management may involve immunotherapy. An allergist can assess suitability for subcutaneous or sublingual immunotherapy targeting rodent allergens, which can gradually reduce sensitivity. If immunotherapy is not viable, consider rehoming the rat to prevent recurrent health risks.
Maintain a symptom diary documenting exposure events, medication use, and any escalation in reactions. Share this record with the treating physician to refine the treatment plan and adjust preventive measures as needed.