What should you do if you have adopted a rat? - briefly
The caretaker should supply a secure cage with appropriate bedding, a diet of commercial rat pellets complemented by occasional fruits and vegetables, and daily fresh water. Regular health examinations, enrichment items such as tunnels and chew toys, and gentle handling will maintain the animal’s welfare.
What should you do if you have adopted a rat? - in detail
When a rat becomes a new member of a household, immediate actions determine its well‑being and integration.
First, prepare a secure enclosure. Choose a cage with solid flooring, adequate ventilation, and a minimum size of 2 ft × 1 ft × 1 ft for a single animal. Include a solid hideaway, a climbing platform, and a chew‑safe material such as untreated wood. Line the bottom with absorbent bedding (paper‑based or aspen) and change it regularly to maintain hygiene.
Second, establish a balanced diet. Offer a high‑quality commercial rat pellet as the staple, supplemented with fresh vegetables (e.g., carrots, broccoli, leafy greens) and occasional fruits (e.g., apple, banana) in limited quantities. Provide unlimited access to clean water in a sipper bottle. Introduce small treats—nuts, seeds, or mealworms—no more than 10 % of total caloric intake.
Third, schedule a health check. Arrange a veterinary appointment with a practitioner experienced in small mammals within the first two weeks. The exam should cover weight, teeth alignment, fur condition, and signs of respiratory infection. Ensure the rat receives a deworming treatment if recommended and discuss vaccination options where applicable.
Fourth, create environmental enrichment. Rotate toys weekly to prevent boredom; suitable items include tunnels, chew sticks, and puzzle feeders. Offer safe climbing structures such as wooden ladders or rope. Maintain a consistent light‑dark cycle (approximately 12 hours each) to align with the animal’s nocturnal nature.
Fifth, foster social interaction. Rats are highly social; housing a single individual can lead to stress. If possible, introduce a compatible companion after a quarantine period of at least two weeks, monitoring for aggression. Handle the rat gently for several minutes each day to build trust and reduce fear.
Finally, monitor ongoing health. Observe daily for changes in appetite, droppings, or behavior. Promptly seek veterinary advice if symptoms such as nasal discharge, wheezing, or weight loss appear. Regular cage cleaning—removing soiled bedding, wiping surfaces with a mild, pet‑safe disinfectant—prevents pathogen buildup.
By following these steps—secure housing, appropriate nutrition, veterinary assessment, enrichment, social companionship, and vigilant care—a newly adopted rat can enjoy a healthy, thriving life in its new environment.