What should I do if a rat has a lump under its skin? - briefly
Inspect the swelling, isolate the rat to reduce stress, and contact a qualified exotic‑pet veterinarian immediately for diagnosis and treatment.
What should I do if a rat has a lump under its skin? - in detail
A rat presenting a noticeable subcutaneous swelling requires immediate visual inspection. Look for size, shape, color, texture, and any signs of discharge or ulceration. Note whether the animal shows signs of pain, reduced activity, loss of appetite, or changes in grooming behavior.
Initial actions
- Gently palpate the area to determine firmness; a hard mass may indicate a tumor, while a soft, fluid‑filled lump suggests an abscess or cyst.
- Observe the surrounding skin for redness, heat, or swelling that could signal infection.
- Record the duration of the swelling and any recent injuries, dietary changes, or exposure to other animals.
When to involve a veterinarian
- Rapid growth within 24–48 hours.
- Persistent pain on touch or altered gait.
- Fever, lethargy, or weight loss accompanying the mass.
- Any discharge, bleeding, or ulceration of the skin over the lump.
A qualified exotic‑animal practitioner can perform diagnostic procedures such as fine‑needle aspiration, cytology, radiography, or ultrasound. These tests differentiate between neoplastic, infectious, or inflammatory causes and guide treatment.
Possible treatment pathways
- Antibiotic therapy: Prescribed if bacterial infection or abscess is confirmed; dosage must be adjusted for the rat’s weight.
- Surgical removal: Indicated for localized tumors or cysts that impair function; requires anesthesia and postoperative analgesia.
- Supportive care: Includes warm, quiet housing, stress reduction, and a high‑quality diet rich in protein and vitamins to aid healing.
- Monitoring: Measure the lump weekly with a ruler or caliper; document any changes in size or texture and report them to the veterinarian.
Preventive measures
- Maintain clean cage conditions to reduce bacterial load.
- Provide enrichment to prevent injuries from fighting or scratching.
- Conduct regular health checks, especially in breeding colonies, to detect abnormalities early.
Prompt assessment, professional veterinary evaluation, and appropriate intervention increase the likelihood of recovery and minimize complications.