What should be given to a rat? - briefly
Provide a nutritionally complete rodent pellet as the staple, supplemented daily with small portions of fresh fruits, vegetables, and occasional protein sources such as boiled egg or mealworm, together with unlimited fresh water. Avoid sugary treats, processed foods, and substances toxic to rodents, such as chocolate, caffeine, or citrus peels.
What should be given to a rat? - in detail
A healthy rat requires a balanced diet that supplies essential nutrients, energy, and hydration. Commercially formulated rodent blocks or pellets form the foundation; they contain calibrated amounts of protein, fat, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and should be offered daily in quantities matching the animal’s body weight (approximately 15–20 g per 100 g of body mass). Fresh water must be available at all times, preferably in a bottle with a stainless‑steel sipper to prevent contamination.
Supplementary foods enhance variety and provide additional nutrients. Acceptable vegetables include leafy greens (e.g., romaine lettuce, kale), carrots, broccoli, and bell peppers; serve them in small, bite‑size pieces, removing any uneaten portions after two hours to avoid spoilage. Fruits such as apple, banana, or berries may be offered sparingly—no more than a teaspoon per day—because of high sugar content. Protein sources can include cooked egg, plain cooked chicken, or low‑fat cottage cheese; limit each serving to 1–2 g per 100 g of rat weight. Occasional treats like plain popcorn, unsalted nuts, or specially formulated rat treats are permissible in moderation, not exceeding 5 % of total caloric intake.
Certain items must be excluded entirely: citrus fruits, raw potatoes, onions, garlic, chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, and any processed foods containing artificial sweeteners or excessive salt. These substances are toxic and can cause acute or chronic health issues. Bones, seeds with hard shells, and large pieces of hard fruit should also be avoided to prevent dental injury and gastrointestinal blockage.
Feeding schedule should consist of a consistent daily routine. Provide the base diet in the morning, refresh water, and add fresh produce in the afternoon. Monitor body condition weekly; a healthy rat maintains a sleek coat, clear eyes, and a steady weight. Adjust portion sizes if the animal shows signs of under‑ or over‑eating, and consult a veterinarian familiar with small‑animal nutrition for any concerns.