What should be done when a rat bites? - briefly
Clean the bite with soap and water, apply an antiseptic, and obtain medical evaluation for infection, tetanus, and possible rabies exposure. Notify local health authorities about the incident.
What should be done when a rat bites? - in detail
If a rat bite occurs, act promptly to reduce infection risk and assess the need for professional care.
First, apply direct pressure with a clean cloth or bandage to stop bleeding. Wash the wound thoroughly with running water and mild soap for at least one minute. Rinse well, then pat dry with a sterile gauze pad.
Second, disinfect the area using an antiseptic such as povidone‑iodine or hydrogen peroxide. Cover the wound with a sterile, non‑adhesive dressing to protect it from contaminants.
Third, evaluate the need for medical attention. Seek a clinician’s assessment if any of the following apply:
- Deep puncture or torn skin
- Persistent bleeding after 10 minutes of pressure
- Signs of infection (redness, swelling, warmth, pus)
- Fever, chills, or malaise
- Unknown tetanus vaccination status or last booster over five years ago
- Exposure to a wild or unfamiliar rat, especially in regions where rabies is reported
A healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics, administer a tetanus booster, or order laboratory tests to identify bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus or Staphylococcus species. If rabies risk exists, post‑exposure prophylaxis must be initiated immediately.
Fourth, document the incident. Record the date, time, location, circumstances of the bite, and any identifying information about the animal. Report the event to local public‑health authorities or animal‑control services, particularly if the rat was found in a workplace or public setting.
Finally, implement preventive measures to avoid future bites:
- Secure food storage and dispose of waste in sealed containers
- Seal entry points in buildings to block rodent access
- Use traps or professional pest‑control services
- Educate occupants about safe handling of rodents and the hazards of feeding wild animals
Prompt wound care, professional evaluation, and proper reporting together minimize complications and protect public health.