What do domestic rats need? - briefly
Domestic rats require a nutritionally balanced diet of quality rodent pellets, limited fresh produce, and uninterrupted clean water. They also need a secure cage with bedding, enrichment objects, and routine health checks.
What do domestic rats need? - in detail
Domestic rats require a secure enclosure that prevents escape and protects against predators. The cage should be spacious enough for two or more individuals, with a minimum floor area of 0.5 m² per rat and a height of at least 45 cm to allow climbing. Solid flooring, covered with a thick layer of absorbent bedding such as paper or aspen shavings, maintains hygiene and reduces respiratory irritation.
A balanced diet consists of a high‑quality commercial rat block supplemented with fresh vegetables, occasional fruit, and occasional protein sources like boiled egg or cooked lean meat. Fresh water must be available at all times in a leak‑proof bottle; the supply should be checked daily and the bottle cleaned regularly.
Rats are intensely social; each should have at least one compatible companion of the same sex to prevent loneliness and related stress behaviors. Regular, gentle handling from a young age fosters trust and reduces fear of humans.
Environmental enrichment is essential for physical and mental health. Provide chewable items (untreated wooden blocks, natural branches), tunnels, climbing structures, and hideouts. Rotate toys weekly to maintain interest and encourage exploration.
Temperature should remain within 18–24 °C, with humidity between 40–60 %. Direct drafts, extreme heat, or sudden temperature changes must be avoided. Lighting should follow a natural cycle of 12 hours light and 12 hours darkness.
Health maintenance includes routine veterinary examinations, parasite control, and monitoring for signs of illness such as nasal discharge, weight loss, or changes in behavior. Vaccinations are not standard, but a veterinarian experienced with rodents should be consulted for preventive care and emergency treatment.
Cleaning schedule: spot‑clean waste daily, replace soiled bedding weekly, and perform a full cage sanitization monthly using mild, non‑abrasive cleaners. Avoid strong fragrances or chemicals that could irritate the respiratory system.
Overall, meeting these requirements—adequate housing, proper nutrition, social companionship, enrichment, environmental stability, and veterinary oversight—ensures a domestic rat can thrive physically and psychologically.