What can be used to poison rats and mice? - briefly
Anticoagulant rodenticides such as warfarin, brodifacoum, and bromadiolone are commonly employed to control rodent populations. Acute toxins like bromethalin, zinc phosphide, and strychnine are also used for rapid lethal effect.
What can be used to poison rats and mice? - in detail
Rodent control relies on toxic compounds formulated as baits, pellets, or granules that are ingested by rats and mice. These agents fall into several chemical classes, each with a specific mode of action and regulatory considerations.
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Anticoagulant agents – interfere with vitamin K recycling, causing fatal internal bleeding.
• First‑generation compounds (e.g., warfarin, chlorophacinone) require multiple feedings.
• Second‑generation compounds (e.g., brodifacoum, bromadiolone, difenacoum) are effective after a single dose and exhibit higher potency. -
Acute neurotoxic agents – produce rapid death by disrupting nervous system function.
• Zinc phosphide releases phosphine gas when contacted with stomach acid.
• Strychnine blocks inhibitory neurotransmission, leading to convulsions. -
Hypercalcemic agents – elevate calcium levels to lethal concentrations.
• Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) induces renal failure and cardiac arrest after prolonged consumption. -
Metabolic poisons – impair cellular energy production.
• Phosphoric acid derivatives and certain organophosphates disrupt ATP synthesis, causing organ failure.
Formulations combine the active ingredient with attractants such as grain, cheese, or peanut butter to ensure palatability. Bait placement follows a pattern of 1–2 g per station, positioned near rodent pathways, concealed from non‑target species, and protected by tamper‑resistant containers. Monitoring frequency of 2–3 days allows assessment of efficacy and adjustment of dosage.
Safety protocols require personal protective equipment during handling, storage in locked facilities, and clear labeling of toxicity level. Many jurisdictions restrict the use of second‑generation anticoagulants and strychnine to licensed professionals, mandating record‑keeping of application sites and quantities. Resistance management advises rotation of chemical classes and integration of non‑chemical measures, such as exclusion and habitat modification, to prevent reduced susceptibility in rodent populations.