What ailments can a rat have? - briefly
Rats may develop respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disorders, skin parasites, dental overgrowth, and tumors. Common signs include sneezing, diarrhea, hair loss, misaligned teeth, and palpable masses.
What ailments can a rat have? - in detail
Rats are susceptible to a broad spectrum of health problems that can affect multiple organ systems. Recognizing clinical signs and understanding typical presentations enable timely intervention.
Common infectious agents include:
- Salmonella spp. – causes diarrhea, fever, and weight loss; transmission occurs through contaminated food or water.
- Streptobacillus moniliformis – responsible for rat‑bite fever; symptoms comprise fever, rash, and arthralgia after a bite.
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus – may be asymptomatic or produce neurological signs such as tremors and seizures.
Respiratory disorders often arise from:
- Mycoplasma pulmonis – chronic respiratory disease characterized by nasal discharge, labored breathing, and reduced activity.
- Pneumonia secondary to bacterial overgrowth, frequently involving Pasteurella or Klebsiella species, presenting with cough and lethargy.
Gastrointestinal disturbances include:
- Cecal ulceration – manifests as abdominal pain, melena, and decreased appetite; stress and dietary irritants are contributing factors.
- Gastric dilation‑volvulus – acute abdominal distension, rapid deterioration, and high mortality if untreated.
Dermatological conditions comprise:
- Dermatophytosis (ringworm) – circular alopecia with crusted edges; zoonotic potential necessitates isolation.
- Fur mite infestations – pruritus, hair loss, and skin crusting; diagnosis by microscopic examination of skin scrapings.
Neoplastic diseases are frequent in aged rodents:
- Mammary adenocarcinoma – palpable masses in the thoracic region, possible metastasis to lungs and lymph nodes.
- Fibrosarcoma – subcutaneous nodules with aggressive local invasion.
Metabolic and endocrine disorders feature:
- Diabetes mellitus – polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss; hyperglycemia confirmed by blood glucose testing.
- Hypothyroidism – lethargy, hair coat dullness, and slowed growth; diagnosis via serum thyroid hormone levels.
Dental pathology is notable due to continuous incisor growth:
- Malocclusion – uneven tooth wear leading to oral ulceration, reduced food intake, and weight loss.
- Periodontal disease – gingival inflammation, plaque accumulation, and potential systemic infection.
Reproductive health issues encompass:
- Uterine adenocarcinoma – abdominal swelling, vaginal discharge, and anemia in females.
- Testicular neoplasia – unilateral testicular enlargement, pain, and possible metastasis.
Parasitic infestations are common:
- Protozoa such as Giardia spp. – cause watery diarrhea and dehydration.
- Helminths including Hymenolepis nana – present with weight loss and intestinal irritation.
Toxic exposures may result from:
- Heavy metals (lead, zinc) – neurological signs, tremors, and ataxia.
- Anticoagulant rodenticides – internal bleeding, bruising, and sudden death.
Behavioral changes often reflect underlying pain or illness; reduced grooming, nesting, or social interaction can signal disease. Early detection, thorough physical examination, and appropriate laboratory diagnostics remain essential for effective management of rat health conditions.