How should you properly keep a rat? - briefly
Provide a spacious, escape‑proof cage with solid flooring, fresh water, a balanced diet of lab‑block pellets supplemented by occasional fruits and vegetables, and daily opportunities for exercise and mental stimulation. Perform routine health checks, maintain cleanliness, and handle the rat gently to ensure its wellbeing.
How should you properly keep a rat? - in detail
A healthy rat requires a secure enclosure, balanced nutrition, regular cleaning, mental stimulation, and veterinary oversight.
The cage should be made of solid material, with a minimum floor area of 2 sq ft per animal and a height of at least 12 in. Provide a solid base covered by absorbent bedding such as paper strips or aspen shavings; avoid pine or cedar, which release harmful oils. Include a solid top or a mesh with a fine gauge to prevent escape. Equip the habitat with a running wheel (minimum 12 in. diameter, solid surface), tunnels, chew blocks, and hideouts to satisfy natural foraging and exploration instincts.
Nutrition consists of a high‑quality commercial rat pellet as the staple, supplemented with fresh vegetables (e.g., carrots, broccoli, leafy greens) and occasional protein sources (hard‑boiled egg, cooked chicken). Limit sugary treats and seeds, which can cause obesity. Fresh water must be available at all times in a bottle with a metal spout; replace daily and clean the bottle weekly.
Cleaning protocol: spot‑clean soiled bedding daily, replace the entire substrate weekly, and disinfect the cage with a mild, non‑chlorine solution. Wash food dishes, water bottles, and enrichment items regularly to prevent bacterial growth.
Social needs: rats are highly social; keep at least two same‑sex individuals to reduce stress and promote natural behaviors. Observe compatibility during introductions; separate aggressive individuals promptly.
Handling: begin gentle, short sessions after the rats are accustomed to human presence. Support the animal’s body, avoid gripping the tail, and limit handling to 5–10 minutes initially, extending as trust develops.
Health monitoring: inspect ears, eyes, and fur daily for signs of mites, discharge, or hair loss. Observe breathing, stool consistency, and activity level. Schedule a veterinary check‑up at least once a year with a practitioner experienced in small mammals; seek immediate care for sudden weight loss, respiratory distress, or abnormal behavior.
Safety considerations: keep the enclosure away from direct sunlight, drafts, and extreme temperatures (optimal range 65–75 °F). Store chemicals, cords, and small objects out of reach to prevent ingestion. Ensure that any toys or chew items are non‑toxic and free of splinters.
By adhering to these standards—adequate housing, proper diet, rigorous hygiene, social companionship, careful handling, and regular veterinary evaluation—a rat can thrive in captivity, displaying robust health and natural behavior.