How can I tell that a rat is about to give birth? - briefly
Look for marked abdominal swelling, enlarged pink nipples, and intensive nesting behavior such as gathering bedding and constructing a nest. The female will become increasingly restless, may eat less, and may display occasional abdominal contractions as delivery nears.
How can I tell that a rat is about to give birth? - in detail
A female rat’s final week of gestation is marked by distinct physiological and behavioral cues that signal the approach of parturition. Recognizing these indicators allows caretakers to prepare a suitable environment and intervene if complications arise.
Physical changes become evident as the abdomen expands and the mammary glands enlarge. The nipples turn pinker and may exude a milky secretion, especially during the last 24‑48 hours. The perineal area often swells slightly, and a thin layer of mucus may appear, indicating preparation for the birth canal.
Behavioral modifications are equally reliable. The rat will spend increasing amounts of time in a secluded corner or nest box, arranging bedding, shredded paper, or cloth into a compact nest. This nesting activity intensifies about 12‑24 hours before delivery. Simultaneously, the animal’s activity level drops; she becomes less responsive to external stimuli and may exhibit mild restlessness, shifting positions frequently within the nest.
A few additional signs may accompany the imminent event:
- Temperature shift: Body temperature may fall 1‑2 °C during the final hours, detectable with a rectal thermometer.
- Vocalizations: Soft squeaks or low chirps become more frequent, especially when the rat is disturbed.
- Postural changes: The hindquarters may appear slightly raised, and the tail may be positioned away from the body, facilitating the birth process.
- Decreased food intake: Appetite diminishes, though water consumption usually remains steady.
Monitoring these parameters on a daily basis, and intensifying observation during the last 48 hours, provides a clear picture of when delivery is imminent. Preparing a clean, quiet nesting area with ample dry bedding, and ensuring easy access to fresh water, minimizes stress and supports a successful litter. If any of the signs progress to abnormal patterns—such as prolonged inactivity, excessive bleeding, or failure to deliver within 24 hours of nesting—veterinary intervention should be sought promptly.