Constipation in a rat – what to do? - briefly
Provide a high‑fiber diet (e.g., shredded paper, oat bran) and ensure constant access to fresh water; monitor fecal output and activity. If constipation continues, give a veterinary‑approved mild laxative such as lactulose under professional supervision.
Constipation in a rat – what to do? - in detail
Fecal retention in laboratory rats requires a systematic approach that combines assessment, environmental adjustment, dietary modification, and, when necessary, pharmacological intervention.
First, confirm the condition by observing reduced stool output, hard pellets, and abdominal distension. Palpate the abdomen gently to detect impaction. Record body weight and food‑water intake to identify secondary effects.
Second, modify housing conditions. Provide a clean cage with ample bedding that encourages natural digging behavior. Increase the frequency of cage cleaning to prevent accumulation of waste that can exacerbate the problem. Ensure a stable temperature (20‑24 °C) and humidity (40‑60 %) to promote normal gastrointestinal motility.
Third, adjust the diet. Incorporate high‑fiber ingredients such as shredded cellulose, oat bran, or psyllium husk at 5–10 % of the total feed. Offer fresh vegetables (e.g., carrots, broccoli) in small, regularly refreshed portions. Maintain unrestricted access to clean drinking water; consider adding a few drops of electrolyte solution if dehydration is suspected.
Fourth, introduce supplemental hydration. Provide water gels or moist mash to increase fluid intake without altering the overall diet composition.
Fifth, apply pharmacological measures only after dietary and environmental steps have failed. Options include:
- Osmotic laxatives (e.g., polyethylene glycol, lactulose) administered orally at 1–2 ml/100 g body weight, divided into two doses.
- Stimulant laxatives (e.g., bisacodyl) given at low dose (0.1 mg/kg) to avoid irritation.
- Probiotic formulations containing Lactobacillus spp. to restore gut flora balance; dose according to manufacturer guidelines.
If oral administration is impractical, perform a gentle rectal enema using warm saline (0.9 % NaCl) at 10 ml/kg, ensuring the solution is not colder than body temperature to prevent mucosal injury.
Sixth, monitor response. Check stool consistency and frequency every 4–6 hours for the first 24 hours. Record any changes in behavior, weight, or signs of discomfort. Adjust treatment intensity based on observed improvement.
Finally, document all interventions and outcomes in the animal’s health record. This ensures reproducibility and facilitates future preventive strategies, reducing the incidence of similar gastrointestinal disturbances in research colonies.