What is the English name for a rat? - briefly
In English the animal is called a rat. The most common species is the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus).
What is the English name for a rat? - in detail
The standard English word for the animal known scientifically as Rattus is “rat”. The term functions as both a singular and a collective noun; the plural form is “rats”.
Etymology
- Derived from Old Norse rǫt meaning “rodent”.
- Entered Middle English as “rat” in the 13th century, replacing earlier Anglo‑Saxon forms such as ræt.
Scientific classification
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Mammalia
- Order: Rodentia
- Family: Muridae
- Genus: Rattus
Common species include the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the black rat (Rattus rattus).
Synonyms and related terms
- “Rodent” – broader taxonomic group that includes rats, mice, squirrels, etc.
- “Pest” – informal label when the animal causes damage to crops or property.
- “Pack rat” – refers specifically to the wood‑rat (Neotoma) known for hoarding behavior.
- “Lab rat” – denotes individuals bred for scientific research.
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ræt/
- Rhymes with “cat” and “bat”.
Usage notes
- In formal writing, “rat” is preferred; “rodent” may be used when emphasizing the taxonomic class.
- The adjective “rat‑like” describes characteristics resembling the animal, such as stealth or scavenging.
- Compound forms include “rat poison”, “rat trap”, and “rat tail” (a hairstyle).
The word “rat” remains the primary lexical item in English for this species, with historical roots, clear pluralization, and a range of derived terms for specific contexts.