How should I care for a purchased rat? - briefly
Provide a spacious, escape‑proof cage with appropriate bedding, a balanced rodent diet supplemented by fresh vegetables and occasional protein, and fresh water changed daily. Monitor weight, maintain regular cleaning, and arrange periodic veterinary checks to ensure health.
How should I care for a purchased rat? - in detail
A newly acquired rat requires a secure enclosure that prevents escape and protects against predators. Choose a cage with solid flooring; wire floors cause foot injuries. Minimum dimensions should allow at least 2 sq ft of floor space per animal, with vertical height of 12 inches or more for climbing. Provide a solid base, bedding such as paper strips or aspen shavings, and a hidden corner for nesting. Replace bedding weekly and spot‑clean soiled areas daily.
Offer a balanced diet consisting of a high‑quality laboratory rodent mix, supplemented with fresh vegetables (e.g., carrots, broccoli, bell pepper) and occasional protein sources like boiled egg or cooked chicken. Provide a constant supply of clean water in a sipper bottle; change the water daily to prevent bacterial growth. Limit sugary treats to prevent obesity and dental problems.
Monitor health indicators: bright eyes, clean fur, active behavior, and regular weight gain. Schedule a veterinary check‑up within two weeks of acquisition, then annually. Observe for signs of respiratory distress (sneezing, nasal discharge), skin lesions, or abnormal stool. Promptly isolate any sick rat to prevent spread.
Enrichment is essential for mental and physical well-being. Include chewable items (untreated wood blocks, cardboard tubes) to wear down continuously growing incisors. Rotate tunnels, ramps, and platforms to stimulate exploration. Offer safe toys such as plastic balls and hide‑outs, and provide daily supervised out‑of‑cage time for exercise.
Handle the animal gently, supporting the body with both hands to reduce stress. Begin with short sessions of a few minutes, gradually extending as the rat becomes accustomed. Avoid sudden movements and loud noises that can trigger fear responses. Regular handling builds trust and facilitates health examinations.
Maintain cage hygiene by performing a full clean every two weeks: remove all accessories, wash the cage with mild detergent, rinse thoroughly, and replace bedding. Disinfect accessories with a solution of diluted bleach (1 part bleach to 10 parts water) followed by a rinse. Ensure the cage is dry before returning the rat.
Track the rat’s weight weekly using a small digital scale. Record food intake and any behavioral changes. Consistent monitoring allows early detection of health issues and adjustment of diet or environment as needed.