How does a cold manifest in rats? - briefly
Rats with a respiratory infection display sneezing, nasal discharge, watery eyes, reduced activity, and a mild fever; respiratory rate may increase and appetite often declines. These signs typically appear within a few days of exposure and resolve as the immune response clears the virus.
How does a cold manifest in rats? - in detail
Rats infected with a mild viral or bacterial upper‑respiratory illness display a consistent set of clinical signs. Nasal discharge appears first, often clear but becoming purulent as the infection progresses. The discharge may be accompanied by sneezing and audible wheezing caused by congestion of the nasal passages and trachea. Ocular secretions are common, with the eyes appearing watery or crusted.
Respiratory rate increases; tachypnea is observable even at rest. Mice may exhibit audible labored breathing or a high‑pitched squeak during exhalation. Body temperature may drop slightly, leading to a modest hypothermic response that can be measured with a rectal probe.
Behavioral changes include reduced activity, diminished grooming, and a reluctance to explore the cage. Food and water intake decline, resulting in weight loss of 5–10 % within a few days if the condition persists. Social interaction often decreases, and affected individuals may isolate themselves from conspecifics.
Hematological analysis typically reveals leukocytosis with a neutrophilic shift, while serological testing can detect specific antibodies to common pathogens such as Sendai virus or Mycoplasma pulmonis. Radiographic imaging shows interstitial infiltrates and, in severe cases, consolidation of lung tissue.
Management requires supportive care: ambient temperature maintenance, soft food, and hydration support via subcutaneous fluids if oral intake is insufficient. Antimicrobial therapy is indicated only for confirmed bacterial involvement; broad‑spectrum antibiotics are avoided to prevent resistance. Environmental sanitation, including regular cage cleaning and adequate ventilation, reduces transmission risk.
Recovery usually occurs within 7–10 days for uncomplicated cases. Persistent signs beyond this period warrant necropsy to assess for secondary pneumonia, bronchiectasis, or chronic inflammatory changes.